What & where: Erra Matti Dibbalu—“red sand hills” in Telugu—are striking coastal dunes along the Visakhapatnam–Bheemunipatnam (Bheemili) Beach Road in Andhra Pradesh. Deep gullies, cliffs and ravines cut through rust-coloured sands right by the Bay of Bengal. Why special: Natural “history book” of…

UPSC Prelims—Polity (Judiciary, Arts 21/39A); Mains GS-II—Polity & Governance (pendency, judicial reforms, e-Courts/ADR); GS-IV—Ethics (justice, accountability) Context: Justice delayed means people wait longer for bail, property, compensation, or basic rights. India’s courts are working hard, yet new cases arrive even faster. Snapshot: where…

Prelims—Economy & S&T (PLI scheme, electronics); Mains GS-III—Economy/Industrial policy & manufacturing; GS-II—Governance (scheme design/implementation) What just happened The government has re-opened applications (fourth round) for the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) – White Goods scheme. The window is 30 days (15 Sept–14 Oct). New…

UPSC Prelims—Polity/History (1947–56 integration, States Reorganisation Act 1956); Mains GS-I—Post-Independence consolidation; GS-II—Federalism & Centre–State relations The big picture: how a very diverse land became one Union (1947–49) When India became independent in 1947, the map was not a single neat unit. There were…

UPSC Prelims—Economy; Mains GS-III—Economy; GS-II—Regulation (SEBI/Companies Act) Snapshot Infosys has approved a ₹18,000-crore share buyback through the tender offer route at ₹1,800 per share, for up to 10 crore shares (about 2.4% of equity). The aim is to return surplus cash, optimise the…

UPSC Prelims—Geography (SCS map), International Law (UNCLOS, PCA 2016); Mains GS-II—IR (Indo-Pacific, ASEAN–China ties, freedom of navigation); GS-III—Security What is Going On and Where Scarborough Shoal (called Bajo de Masinloc or Panatag Shoal in the Philippines, and Huangyan Dao in China) is a…

Prelims (Polity–Fifth Schedule/PESA/FRA; Tribal culture; Jharkhand geography); Mains GS-I (tribal society/history), GS-II (governance in Scheduled Areas), GS-III (land/forest rights, mining) Why in the news  The Ho community in Kolhan region of southern Jharkhand (mainly West Singhbhum) recently protested, saying the district administration was…

Prelims—Polity & Economy (cyber laws, digital payments); Mains GS-II—Governance/e-governance; GS-III—Internal Security & Cybersecurity/financial frauds; GS-IV—Ethics What is happening and why it matters Fraudsters are calling people and pretending to be powerful government officers. They claim the person is linked to a crime. They…

Core question: Can the Supreme Court fix a time limit for the Governor or the President to act on a State Bill? Syllabus: GS-II—Polity & Governance Why this debate now?  Over the last few years, several State governments said their Bills were stuck…