Relevance: Environment – Pollution Control & Transport Policy (GS-3) • Source: The Hindu; CAQM submissions to Supreme Court

The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) has asked the Supreme Court to keep Bharat Stage III–compliant vehicles and older models outside the purview of coercive restrictions on overage vehicles in Delhi–NCR. CAQM argues these vehicles contribute disproportionately to pollution.

What are Bharat Stage Standards?

Bharat Stage (BS) norms are vehicle emission standards notified by the Central Government to regulate pollutants such as Particulate Matter, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, etc.

• BS I–IV (2000–2017): Gradual tightening of norms.
  
• BS VI (2020–): India skipped BS V; BS VI vehicles are significantly cleaner with advanced fuel and engine technology.

End-of-Life Vehicles (ELVs)

These are vehicles that have exceeded prescribed age or fitness limits. Under CAQM guidelines, ELVs may face restrictions on fuel supply or movement due to high emission potential.

Implications

Stricter regulation of older vehicles aims to reduce toxic emissions in NCR but raises concerns about implementation and equity for low-income vehicle owners.

Q. Which of the following pollutants are directly regulated under Bharat Stage emission standards?

1. Nitrogen oxides
2. Particulate Matter
3. Sulphur dioxide
4. Carbon monoxide

Select the correct answer:
A. 1, 2 and 4 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2, 3 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4