Relevance: GS-3 (Food Processing, Technology); Source: PIB, FSSAI
Processed foods are agricultural products that undergo physical, chemical, or biological treatment to improve shelf life, safety or usability. Examples include dehydrated vegetables, packaged fruits, spices, cereals, ready-to-cook items and frozen foods.
What Is Food Irradiation?
Food irradiation uses controlled ionising radiation to kill bacteria, insects and pathogens without making food radioactive.
Types of Irradiation:
- Gamma Irradiation: Uses Cobalt-60; deep penetration, ideal for spices, grains.
- Electron Beam (E-beam): High-energy electrons; used for packaged perishables.
- X-ray Irradiation: Good for bulkier foods and cartons.
Benefits:
- Extends shelf life
- Reduces post-harvest losses
- Ensures microbial safety
- Supports long-distance transport and exports
Government Support (Key Schemes & Institutions)
|
Scheme / Institution |
Purpose |
| Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) | R&D and irradiation facility development |
| Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) | Regulates irradiation units |
| Mega Food Parks Scheme | Supports cold chain and processing infrastructure |
| Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana | Grants for food processing, refrigeration and supply chain |
| FSSAI Regulations (Food Irradiation Control Order) | Specifies permissible doses, labelling and safety norms |
Q. Consider the following pairs:
- Gamma irradiation – Cobalt-60 source
- Electron beam treatment – Suitable for bulky food items
- Food irradiation – Makes food radioactive
Which of the above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1 and 3 only
Answer: (a)
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