Assam’s nationally acclaimed Kamrupa coconut variety is facing a serious productivity crisis due to increasing damage by monkeys and squirrels in Kamrup district.

According to official data (2021–22):

• Assam has 20,723 hectares under coconut cultivation.
• Annual production stands at 1,67,409 metric tonnes.
• Kamrup alone contributes 1,421 hectares and 15,821 metric tonnes.
  

What is happening?

• Farmers allege that the rising population of monkeys and squirrels since 2019 has led to near-total crop losses in some areas.
  
• The Orange-bellied Himalayan Squirrel, a protected species classified as “Least Concern”, is reportedly damaging tender nuts.
  
• Decline in natural predators like hawks and eagles is cited as a reason for the surge.
  
• Wildlife experts link the issue to habitat changes and food availability in plains, indicating a growing human–wildlife conflict.
  

Economic Impact

• Farmers earlier earned up to Rs 2 lakh annually from 25 trees, but losses have forced many to shift to other crops like floriculture.
  
• Coconut traders supplying to temples and neighbouring States have reported severe disruptions.
  

Scientific & Policy Response

Experts from Krishi Vigyan Kendra and the Coconut Development Board recommend:

• Non-lethal preventive measures such as tree banding and protective netting.
  
• Proper irrigation (around 20 litres per plant daily).
  
• Replacing trees older than 50 years.
  
• Maintaining spacing of more than seven metres to limit squirrel movement.
  

The issue highlights the need for integrated solutions under schemes like the National Horticulture Mission, focusing on scientific management and ecological balance.

Exam Hook: 

Consider the following statements regarding coconut cultivation in Assam:

1. Kamrup district is a significant contributor to Assam’s coconut production.
   
2. The Orange-bellied Himalayan Squirrel is classified as Critically Endangered.
   
3. Non-lethal preventive measures are recommended to address wildlife-related crop damage.
   

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer: (a) 1 and 3 only

One line wrap: The Kamrupa coconut crisis reflects how ecological imbalance and human–wildlife conflict can directly threaten rural livelihoods and horticultural sustainability in Assam.

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