Relevance for UPSC: GS Paper III (Economy, Industry, Energy Security, Resources) Source: Press Information Bureau; Ministry of Mines and Ministry of Heavy Industries Key Takeaways REPMs are foundational to India’s EV and renewable energy push. The scheme shifts India from raw resource ownership to value-chain leadership. Critical minerals have become central to India’s strategic economic planning. Context India has approved a ₹7,280…

Relevance for UPSC: GS Paper II (International Relations, Security) | GS Paper III (Internal Security) Source: Indian Express; Nigerian Government statements; United States Department of Defense briefings Context The United States conducted an airstrike against Islamic State fighters in north-western Nigeria (Sokoto State) at the formal request of the Nigerian government. Nigerian authorities described it as a joint counter-terrorism operation, based primarily…

Relevance for UPSC: GS Paper II (Constitution, Governance) | GS Paper I (Society, Tribal Issues) Source: Ministry of Law and Justice; Press Information Bureau Context The Constitution of India has been released in Santhali, written in the Ol Chiki script, by Droupadi Murmu, strengthening constitutional access for Adivasi communities. Santhali Language: Key Facts Santhali belongs to the Austroasiatic language family (Munda branch)….

Relevance for UPSC: GS Paper II (India–Pakistan Relations, Water Governance) | GS Paper III (Energy, Environment) Source: Indian Express ; Ministry of Power; Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Context India has kept the Indus Waters Treaty (1960) in abeyance and accelerated hydropower development in the Chenab basin. Recently, the Environment Ministry’s expert panel recommended clearance for Dulhasti Stage-II (260 megawatt)…

Relevance for UPSC: GS Paper II (Public Health, Governance) | GS Paper III (Environment, Development) Source: Ministry of Health reports; World Health Organization Context India aims to eliminate malaria by 2030, but this goal is increasingly threatened by the spread of the invasive mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Unlike traditional malaria vectors that are largely rural, this species is urban-adapted, marking a critical shift…

Relevance for UPSC: GS Paper II (International Relations, Human Rights, Neighbourhood Policy) Source: Ministry of External Affairs statements; international media reports Context India has formally raised concerns over a rise in violence against minority communities in Bangladesh, including reports of killings, arson, intimidation and land grabbing. The issue came into focus after a recent killing in Mymensingh and subsequent incidents affecting Hindu,…