Relevance for UPSC (Paper III – Environment & Ecology): Community-based conservation, Wildlife (Protection) Act
Source: The Hindu (Frontline); Roundglass Sustain

Context 

The Bugun Liocichla, discovered in 2006 and found only near Eaglenest, Arunachal Pradesh, highlighted the region’s unique biodiversity. Its protection is led by the Bugun tribe, after whom the bird is named. In 2017, they partnered with the forest department to create the Singchung Bugun Village Community Reserve (~17 km²).

Important  Facts 

Community Reserves 

Under the 2002 amendment to the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, community reserves enable conservation on community or private land. The reserve’s 1,300–3,300 m altitude range supports climate resilience, while patrolling, regulated eco-tourism, and strict land-use controls protect the habitat and support local livelihoods.

Significance

• Community participation can be as effective as top-down conservation in biodiversity hotspots.
  
• Elevational buffer/resilience design is significant for climate-vulnerable species.
  
• Integration of local livelihoods (eco-tourism etc.) strengthens conservation outcomes.