Relevance: GS III (Energy Security & Geography) | Source: The Indian Express

1. What is the News?

• Due to the war in West Asia, India’s supply of cooking gas (LPG) has been badly hit.
• The government has requested people to avoid “panic booking” and move toward Piped Natural Gas (PNG) if they have a connection nearby.

2. Why is there a Shortage? (The Geography)

• Import Dependency: India is not self-sufficient in cooking gas; we import about 60% of our LPG.
• The Global Chokepoint: Almost 90% of these imports come through a narrow sea passage called the Strait of Hormuz.
• The Problem: Because of the war, ships are unable to pass through this Strait. This has effectively cut off more than half of India’s total LPG supply.

3. LPG vs. PNG: Key Differences

To manage the crisis, the government wants a shift from cylinders to pipes:

• LPG (Cylinders): Made of Propane and Butane. It is heavier than air, so it settles on the ground if there is a leak (higher fire risk).
• PNG (Pipes): Made mostly of Methane. It is lighter than air, so it flies away quickly during a leak (safer for homes).
• Government Step: Refineries have been told to stop making plastic/chemicals for some time and focus 100% on producing LPG to meet home demands.

The “UPSC Trap”

• The “Chemical” Trap: UPSC often swaps the gases. Remember: LPG = Propane + Butane, while PNG/CNG = Methane.
• The “Location” Trap: Do not confuse the Strait of Hormuz with the Suez Canal. Hormuz connects the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman.

UPSC Value Box

With reference to India’s energy supply and fuel types, consider the following statements:

1. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is primarily composed of methane, while Piped Natural Gas (PNG) consists of propane and butane.
2. The Strait of Hormuz is a vital maritime channel that connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman.
3. India currently produces 100% of its required LPG domestically and does not rely on imports.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 only

(c) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (b)