Relevance for UPSC (GS Paper I – Geography & Environment)

It may seem obvious that Mount Everest is the point on Earth closest to space, as it is the highest mountain above sea level (8,848 m). However, the reality is different when measured from the Earth’s centre.
 Due to the Earth’s equatorial bulge, the peak of Mount Chimborazo in Ecuador is actually the farthest point from the centre of the Earth—making it the closest spot on Earth to outer space.

Why Is This So?

  • The Earth is not a perfect sphere; it is an oblate spheroid, slightly flattened at the poles and bulging at the equator.
  • The equatorial radius is about 21 km greater than the polar radius.
  • Although Mount Everest is higher above sea level, Chimborazo’s position near the equator benefits from this bulge.
  • When measured from the Earth’s centre, Chimborazo’s summit is about 2 km farther into space than Everest’s peak.

Key Geographical Facts

  • Mount Chimborazo height: ~6,263 m above sea level.
  • Location: Andes Mountains, Ecuador (close to the equator).
  • Distinction: The highest point on Earth when measured from the planet’s centre.
  • Scientific concept: Demonstrates how geography, physics, and Earth’s geometry intersect to change our perspective of “height.”

Broader Relevance

  • Highlights the importance of geodesy—the study of Earth’s shape and gravity.
  • Helps understand Earth system science, atmospheric layers, and human perception of “space.”
  • Encourages scientific precision in defining natural phenomena.
  • Relates to SDG 13 (Climate Action) and global awareness about Earth and its environment.

One-line wrap:  

Ecuador’s Mount Chimborazo, not Everest, stands as the point on Earth closest to space—a striking reminder of our planet’s elegant imperfection.

UPSC Prelims Practice Question:

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

  1. Mount Chimborazo in Ecuador is the point on Earth’s surface farthest from the Earth’s centre.
  2. The Earth’s equatorial radius is greater than its polar radius.
  3. Mount Everest is the point closest to space when measured from the Earth’s centre.

Select the correct code:
 A. 1 and 2 only
 B. 2 and 3 only
 C. 1 and 3 only
 D. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: A

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