Nagaland University develops biodegradable biopolymer (PHB) to tackle microplastic pollution.

What is innovation?

• A biopolymer Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) developed using bacteria Bacillus subtilis FW1.
• Isolated from fish waste disposal sites (Mokokchung, Nagaland).
• Spearheaded by Nagaland University with collaboration from: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research–North East Institute of Science and Technology, Tezpur University & Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology
• Published in Journal of Polymer Research.

How it operates

• Microbial biotechnology: Bacteria convert organic waste into biopolyesters (PHB).
• Accumulation capacity: ~69.2% PHB inside bacterial cells.
• Exhibits:
  • Thermostability
  • Good physico-chemical properties
  • Biocompatibility (safe for human cells)

Objectives & Applications

• Reduce microplastic pollution (linked to biomagnification in food chains).
• Provide eco-friendly alternative to petroleum-based plastics.
• Potential uses:
  • Sustainable packaging
  • Biomedical applications
  • Agriculture (mulch films, coatings)

Significance

• Supports circular bioeconomy using waste-to-resource approach.
• Aligns with:
  • Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 (India)
  • Swachh Bharat Mission
  • Global efforts under United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to curb plastic pollution
• Demonstrates Northeast India’s role in sustainable innovation.

Key Findings

• ~59.6% degradation in 28 days (soil composting).
• Indicates high biodegradability and environmental safety.

Key Takeaways

• Converts fish waste → biodegradable plastic.
• Tackles microplastics + fossil fuel dependency simultaneously.
• Example of local innovation addressing global environmental issues.

Exam Hook (Prelims-Oriented MCQ)

Consider the following statements:

1. Polyhydroxybutyrate is a biodegradable polymer produced by microorganisms.
2. Microplastics can enter food chains through biomagnification.
3. PHB is derived from petroleum-based sources.

Which of the statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

One-line wrap: Nagaland’s PHB innovation showcases how microbial biotechnology can turn waste into a sustainable alternative to plastics, addressing the global microplastic crisis.

Source