Assam has witnessed an alarming rainfall deficit of over 70 per cent since November and nearly 99 per cent since January 1, marking one of the driest winters in recent years. 

• In at least 25 districts, no rainfall has been recorded since the beginning of the year, while several others reported deficits above 90 per cent.

Key Climate Observations

• Unusually warm winter conditions across the State.
• In Upper Assam, maximum temperatures were up to 7°C above normal on certain days.
• Slight improvement in the last few days due to isolated showers.
• Rainfall activity is expected to increase in early March.

Why It Matters

Assam’s agriculture is highly dependent on pre-monsoon and monsoon rainfall, with nearly 90 per cent of annual rainfall concentrated in these seasons. Reduced winter rainfall directly affects:

• Rabi crops such as mustard and pulses.
• Soil moisture and groundwater recharge.
• Wetlands and biodiversity.

Repeated winter dry spells indicate a possible climate change pattern, consistent with rising temperature trends observed by the India Meteorological Department and global climate assessments under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

Experts warn that erratic rainfall combined with warming trends may intensify both droughts and floods in the Brahmaputra basin.

Exam Hook

Prelims Question (Statement Type):

Consider the following statements:

1. Assam receives most of its annual rainfall during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons.
2. A rainfall deficit refers to rainfall received above the long-period average.
3. Rising winter temperatures may indicate broader climate change trends.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 1 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer: (a)

One-line Wrap:
Assam’s severe winter rainfall deficit highlights growing climate vulnerability and the urgent need for adaptive water management.

Source