Why in the News? Recent data from the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) for 2022–23 shows a steady increase in women-owned enterprises in India’s informal sector. However, while more women are entering entrepreneurship, most remain confined to low-value, home-based, own-account activities with limited…

In September 2025, the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) announced the launch of Bima Sugam, India’s first integrated digital marketplace for insurance. This marks a major reform in India’s insurance sector, aimed at enhancing accessibility, transparency, and efficiency for policyholders….

Environmental experts and conservation groups have raised concerns about the proposed mega infrastructure and transshipment project in Great Nicobar Island, highlighting that the area overlaps with a “No-Go Coastal Zone” under environmental safeguards. The debate underscores the balance between strategic development and ecological…

Syllabus: GS-II: Why in the News? The United Nations Commission of Inquiry (COI), after a multi-year investigation, has concluded that Israeli authorities have committed genocide in Gaza. This follows Israel’s military campaign in response to Hamas’s October 2023 attack. The Commission, led by…

A new study published in Nature has reported a rare and surprising biological phenomenon: queens of the Mediterranean harvester ant species Messor ibericus can give birth to male offspring of an entirely different species, Messor structor.  The Discovery Research team: Conducted by international…

Syllabus: GS-II: Growth & Development The News The Prime Minister has stepped up public appeals and policy actions to boost domestic manufacturing (“Make in India” / “swadeshi” pushes), accelerate industrial parks (PM-MITRA textile parks), and expand incentive schemes — underlining local production as…

GS-1 (Modern Indian History- agrarian/peasant revolts, Essay, Prelims (Modern Indian History). Overview and why it matters now A new book has brought fresh attention to the Malabar Revolt in present-day northern Kerala. It reminds us that the event was not just one thing….

GS-2 (Defence policy); GS-3 (science & technology, indigenisation of defence, internal security); Prelims (current events, science & technology). Why this matters now, and what the words mean India is hardening its skies after recent operations and border incidents showed how small, cheap drones…

Syllabus: GS-III: Environmental Degradation Why in the News? Recently during a hearing, the Supreme Court and the Union government differed sharply on how to address the recurring menace of stubble burning in northern India. The apex court, pressed for reviving criminal prosecution of…

Geography, Environment and Ecology, Disaster Management, Climate Change, Science and Technology, and Current Affairs. Aim: keep people safe by seeing danger early, warning clearly, building wisely, and recovering stronger. 1) What is the Problem? The Himalayas are young, steep, and fragile. Rocks weather…

Economy, Health Sector, Social Justice, Government Policies, Current Affairs, and Welfare Schemes. Out of Pocket Expenditure: what it means Out-of-pocket spending means the money a family pays directly from its own pocket for health care—doctor fees, hospital bills, medicines, tests, scans, transport, and…