Relevance: GS-2 (International Relations – India–Russia); Source: The Indian Express

Russian President Vladimir Putin’s visit to Delhi comes amid shifting global geopolitics, sanctions on Russia, and India’s effort to balance ties between major powers. The meeting offers space to reassess a long-standing partnership beyond defence.

India–Russia Relations in Recent Past

• Defence Dependence: Russia remains a key supplier of military platforms (S-400, nuclear submarines, BrahMos cooperation).
• Energy Cooperation: India increased imports of discounted Russian crude, diversifying its energy basket.
• Strategic Coordination: Engagement through platforms such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and BRICS.
• Limits & Challenges: Reduced Russian role in Indo-Pacific, growing Russia–China alignment, delays in defence deliveries due to the Ukraine war.

Expectations & Opportunity from the Present Visit 

• Diversify Beyond Defence: Revive cooperation in energy, nuclear technology, space, skilled manpower and cybersecurity.
• Strengthen Energy Security: Explore long-term crude supply agreements, LNG projects and investments in the Russian Far East.
• Balance Regional Dynamics: Encourage Russia to maintain strategic autonomy in Asia, reducing exclusive dependence on China.
• Boost Connectivity: Push progress on the International North–South Transport Corridor to cut logistics costs and support Eurasian trade.
• Technology & Industrial Partnership: Promote joint manufacturing in heavy industry, shipbuilding and strategic minerals.
• Reinforce Diplomatic Space: Use the visit to maintain multipolar engagement while safeguarding India’s independent foreign policy.

Q. “As India diversifies its strategic partnerships in a rapidly changing geopolitical landscape, the forthcoming India–Russia engagement offers both renewed opportunities and complex challenges. Discuss how the visit can help reshape bilateral ties beyond defence, while addressing areas of divergence.” (15 marks, 250 words)