Relevance: Science & Tech (Biotech, Ethics) • Source: UNESCO, The Hindu

Neurotechnology includes tools that monitor, read, or modify brain activity—from brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) to implants helping paralysed people move. With rapid commercial and medical expansion, UNESCO has issued the first global ethical guidelines to safeguard mental privacy and human autonomy.

Why Oversight Is Needed

• Neurotech market projected to touch USD 24 billion by 2030.
  
• Devices can influence behaviour, extract thoughts, alter emotions.
  
• Risks: privacy breaches, manipulation, coercion, inequity, and misuse in workplaces, policing, military.
  

UNESCO’s Ethical Framework (Concise Overview)

A. Core “Neurorights”

B. Responsible Use & Regulation

• Mandatory safety checks, clinical standards, and pre-approval.
  
• Oversight of dual-use tech (civil + military).
  
• Ban coercive use in workplaces or forced treatment.
  
• Strong data governance — neurodata treated as sensitive personal data.
  

C. Protecting Vulnerable Groups

• Extra safeguards for children, elderly, persons with disabilities.
  
• Clear rules for therapeutic vs. enhancement use.
  

Relevance for India

• India lacks a dedicated neurotech law; current oversight is via ICMR, Drugs & Cosmetics Rules, and emerging Digital India Act.
• UNESCO’s framework can guide India in building ethical guardrails, especially as BCI research expands in IITs, AIIMS, and defence-funded labs.