Relevance for UPSC: GS III (Science & Technology, Health); Source: The Hindu, IISc

Context

Scientists led by Ambarish Ghosh at the Indian Institute of Science are developing magnetically controlled medical nanobots for precision cancer therapy. The innovation, awarded the Tata Transformation Prize 2025, aims to improve treatment effectiveness while reducing side effects.

Concept Explained

  • Nanobots are microscopic, engineered devices designed to move within the human body.
  • The IISc nanobot has a helical, bacteria-inspired design, allowing movement through dense tissues.
  • An external magnetic field guides the nanobot to tumour sites.
  • At the target, it can deliver drugs locally or generate localized heat (hyperthermia) to kill cancer cells.

Why It Is Important

  • Enables targeted treatment for deep-seated tumours.
  • Minimises damage to healthy cells and reduces drug dosage.
  • Can also act as a contrast marker in medical imaging.
  • Represents India’s growing strength in health-tech and nanotechnology research.
UPSC Value Box

For Prelims (Key Points)

  • Nanobots are externally guided, microscopic drug-delivery systems.
  • Magnetic control allows site-specific cancer treatment.
  • Hyperthermia above 42°C can destroy cancer cells.

Key Concept / Definition

  • Precision medicine: Medical treatment tailored to deliver therapy only at the disease site, reducing systemic side effects.

Institution Associated

  • Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru – leading indigenous research on medical nanobots.

Q. Targeted cancer therapy using nanobots is based on which principle?
A. Whole-body drug circulation
B. Site-specific delivery and localised action
C. High-dose chemotherapy
D. Radiation-based cell destruction

Correct Answer: B

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