Assam University, Silchar, is preparing to host Sonbeel Utsav 2.0 on February 7, 2026, with the aim of drawing national attention to the massive ecological, cultural, scientific, and socio-economic importance of Sonbeel. 

Sonbeel: A Unique Wetland Ecosystem

Sonbeel is a natural spectacle located in the Sribhumi district of Southern Assam. It holds the distinction of being the largest freshwater wetland in Asia by area, demonstrating its massive ecological footprint.

• Source: The inlet and outlets of Son Beel is River Shingla that originates in Manipur. 
• Geographical Uniqueness: Sonbeel is a type of seasonal wetland known locally as a Beel. It is unique because it is permanently submerged only during the monsoon season.
  • Monsoon Status: During the rainy season, the Beel expands significantly, resembling a massive lake, and is a vital natural flood control reservoir for the region.
  • Winter Status: After the monsoon recedes, the water level drops drastically, and the extensive area of the wetland transforms into a productive rice cultivation ground (Boro paddy). 
  • The less depth of the lake makes it overflow during the rainy season and the water meets Kushiara River through Kakra River and flows to Bangladesh.
  • This unique seasonal cycle makes it crucial for the local economy.
• Biodiversity Hotspot:
  • The wetland is a haven for rich aquatic biodiversity, supporting a vast array of local fish species, and is one of the main producers of fish for the entire district making it a primary source of livelihood for thousands of fishermen.
  • It also serves as a critical stopover and habitat for numerous species of migratory birds during the winter, underscoring its importance as an Important Bird Area (IBA).

Conservation and Development

• Socio-Economic Engine: The Beel is an essential socio-economic engine for the Barak Valley, primarily supporting agriculture (rice) and fisheries, making its preservation directly linked to rural poverty alleviation.
• The recognition of Sonbeel’s importance, often highlighted during events like the Utsav, prompts calls for its inclusion in conservation frameworks like Ramsar Convention.

Exam Hook:

UPSC Prelims Question (GS-I/III):

Q. With reference to Sonbeel, consider the following statements:

1. It is the largest freshwater wetland in Asia and is located in the Sribhumi district of Assam.
2. The wetland retains water throughout the year and is not used for any agricultural activity.
3. Due to its ecological significance, it has already been designated as a Ramsar Site under the Ramsar Convention.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 2 only

(c) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer: (a) 1 only. (Statement 2 is incorrect; the wetland is seasonal and converts into a rice cultivation ground in winter. Statement 3 is incorrect; it is not yet a designated Ramsar Site).

One Line Wrap: Sonbeel is an ecological powerhouse in Assam whose unique seasonal cycle and rich biodiversity demand immediate conservation efforts and recognition as a globally significant wetland.