Relevance: GS-II (Parliament & Governance), GS-III (Energy) | Source: Lok Sabha Debate, News Reports

News

The Lok Sabha has passed the Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India (SHANTI) Bill, 2025, enabling private and foreign participation in India’s civil nuclear sector for the first time.

Key Provisions

  • Allows private entities to build and operate nuclear power plants.
  • Shifts operational responsibility entirely to the plant operator and caps liability based on plant capacity.
  • Nuclear waste management remains under government control.
  • Removes the earlier supplier-liability clause linked to the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010, generating debate.

Significance

Aims to accelerate clean-energy capacity, attract global technology, and address delays in nuclear expansion. Opposition parties have questioned its timing and demanded greater parliamentary scrutiny.

UPSC Value Box

Key Concept: Nuclear energy is a form of energy released from the nucleus (core) of an atom, either through fission (splitting atoms) or fusion (fusing them together).Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010 – defines liability of operators and suppliers; central to debates on the SHANTI Bill.

Q. With reference to the SHANTI Bill, 2025, consider the following statements:

  1. It allows private companies to operate nuclear power plants in India.
  2. It removes supplier liability earlier provided under the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010.
  3. Nuclear waste disposal is handed over to private operators.

How many statements are correct?
A. One only
B. Two only
C. All three
D. None

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