Relevance for UPSC: GS III (Biodiversity, Conservation); Source: Down To Earth

Context

The Nilgiri langur (Trachypithecus johnii) is an endemic arboreal primate of the Western Ghats, inhabiting evergreen, semi-evergreen and shola–grassland ecosystems between 300–2000 metres. It feeds mainly on leaves and fruits, contributing to seed dispersal and forest regeneration, and is regarded as a flagship species for the health of montane forests.

Conservation Status & Threats

• IUCN Red List: Vulnerable
• Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule I
• Threats include habitat fragmentation, plantations, tourism pressure and isolated populations.

UPSC Value Box

Key Facts about Nilgiri Langur

• Endemic to the Western Ghats
• Arboreal, leaf-eating primate of shola forests

Key Concept
Flagship species: A species used to represent and promote ecosystem conservation.

Law / Institution
Under the Wildlife (Protection) Act (WPA), 1972, Schedule I contains the highest level of legal protection for endangered species in India.

Q. With reference to the Nilgiri langur, consider the following statements:

1. It is endemic to the Western Ghats.
2. It is protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (c)