Pahugarh is a historic waterbody located near Sivasagar, built during the reign of Rudra Singha between 1696 and 1714 as part of the Rangpur capital complex of the Ahom Kingdom. 

• Historically, it was created as a natural zoo for wild animals such as rhinoceros, deer, elephants and tigers, making it one of the earliest known examples of a natural wildlife enclosure in Asia
• Today, Pahugarh ponds has evolved into an important wetland ecosystem that attracts thousands of migratory birds during the winter season, highlighting its ecological significance.

Location and Historical Importance

• Pahugarh is situated between Joysagar Tank and Rudrasagar Tank, about 5 kilometres from Sivasagar town.
• It formed an integral part of the Ahom capital city of Rangpur, reflecting the advanced water management and ecological planning of the Ahom rulers.
• The site demonstrates the Ahoms’ understanding of nature conservation and landscape design centuries ago.
  

Ecological Importance

During November and December, large flocks of migratory birds arrive at Pahugarh.

• Important species include:Siberian pelicans, Glossy ibis, Bar-headed geese, Greylag geese, Pochards, moorhens, egrets and jacanas, Adjutant storks.
• These birds use the wetlands to rest and regain energy during their long migratory journeys.

Threats to the Ecosystem

Despite its importance, the wetland faces several challenges:

• Broken sluice gates, causing rapid loss of water from the ponds.
• Illegal fishing and disturbance, despite restrictions under Section 144 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.
• Soil erosion and earth cutting in nearby areas such as Jerenga Pathar.
• Lack of proper conservation and monitoring mechanisms.

If the water level continues to decline, migratory birds may shift to other wetlands, affecting the ecological balance.

Steps Taken to Protect the Pahugarh

• The Sivasagar district administration has prohibited illegal fishing, hunting, littering of garbage, and playing loud music inside Pohugarh, all of these go on clandestinely as there is no security arrangement around.

Proper conservation, improved water management and ecological restoration can transform Pahugarh into a major biodiversity and tourism site in Assam.

Exam Hook

Consider the following statements about Pahugarh:

1. It was built by Ahom King Rudra Singha during the 17th–18th century.
2. It was originally designed as a natural zoo for wild animals.
3. Today it serves as a winter habitat for migratory birds.
   

Which of the above statements are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer: (d)

One line wrap: Pahugarh of Sivasagar, built by Ahom King Rudra Singha, represents a rare blend of historical heritage and wetland biodiversity supporting migratory birds.

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