Syllabus: GS-II:

Why in the News?

The United Nations Commission of Inquiry (COI), after a multi-year investigation, has concluded that Israeli authorities have committed genocide in Gaza. This follows Israel’s military campaign in response to Hamas’s October 2023 attack. The Commission, led by Navi Pillay, found “reasonable grounds” to conclude that four out of five genocidal acts listed under the UN Genocide Convention have been carried out in Gaza, including killing members of a group, causing serious bodily and mental harm, deliberate measures to destroy the community, and preventing birth.

According to the UN, at least 65,000 Palestinians have been killed in 23 months, with disproportionate civilian casualties, including women and children.

Global Stand on Genocide in Gaza

1. United Nations

• The UN COI’s findings add weight to earlier accusations by international NGOs, genocide scholars, and even some Israeli human rights groups.
• The report accuses Israeli authorities “at the highest echelons” of orchestrating a campaign with genocidal intent.
  

2. International Courts

• ICJ (Hague): Actively hearing the genocide case filed by South Africa against Israel under the Genocide Convention (1948).
• ICC: Issued arrest warrants for Israeli PM and senior officials for alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity.
  

3. Europe and Other Countries

• Several European nations, including France and the U.K., are moving towards recognising Palestinian statehood.
• The European Commission has proposed suspending trade concessions and sanctioning extremist Israeli ministers.
• This reflects growing disillusionment with Israel’s disregard for international law.
  

4. United States

• The U.S. continues to provide diplomatic and military backing to Israel, shielding it from harsher global sanctions.
• Successive U.S. administrations have prioritised Israel’s security alliance, making American criticism unlikely.
  

5. Arab and Muslim World

• Strong condemnations from the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), Turkey, Iran, and others.
• Regional protests and solidarity movements have strengthened demands for Palestinian sovereignty.
  

India’s Stand on Genocide in Gaza

• Historical Position: India was among the earliest champions of the Palestinian cause, supporting their right to sovereignty at the UN and in Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) forums.
  
• Recent Approach: Since the 1990s, India has strengthened ties with Israel in defence, technology, and agriculture, leading to a more balanced stance.
• Current Crisis: India has:
  • Expressed concern about the humanitarian situation in Gaza.
  • Reiterated support for a two-state solution with secure borders.
  • Sent humanitarian aid to Palestinians but refrained from directly condemning Israel.
• Diplomatic Dilemma:
  • Israel is a key defence and strategic partner.
  • But silence on genocide undermines India’s image as a voice for justice and Global South solidarity.
  • Inaction risks alienating Arab states and weakening India’s credibility in multilateral forums.

Way Forward

• For the Global Community:
  • Strengthen accountability: Back ICJ and ICC proceedings, ensuring perpetrators face justice.
  • Diplomatic pressure: Push for ceasefire and humanitarian access in Gaza.
  • Structural reform: Recognise Palestinian statehood and revive peace negotiations under UN auspices.

• For India:
  • Reassert moral leadership: Speak up against genocide, consistent with India’s historic role as a defender of oppressed peoples.
  • Balance strategic interests: Maintain ties with Israel but signal clear opposition to international law violations.
  • Engage regionally: Work with Arab League, OIC, and UN partners to advocate for ceasefire and humanitarian relief.
  • Leverage Global South role: Use its position in G20, NAM, and BRICS to amplify calls for justice and peace.

Conclusion

The UN’s confirmation of genocide in Gaza has sharpened global scrutiny of Israel’s actions. While Europe edges closer to recognising Palestinian statehood and the ICJ/ICC advance legal cases, Israel remains emboldened by U.S. support. For India, the crisis is a test of its moral compass and strategic autonomy. Remaining silent may serve short-term ties with Israel, but in the long run, upholding international law and championing the Palestinian cause is more consistent with India’s values, global role, and long-term regional interests.

Mains Practice Question

1. The United Nations Commission of Inquiry has concluded that Israeli authorities committed genocide in Gaza. Critically examine the global response to this finding. In this context, discuss India’s diplomatic dilemma and suggest a way forward that balances strategic interests with its traditional support for Palestine. (250 words / 15 marks)

The Hindu