Relevance: Polity – Constitutional Bodies & Electoral Reforms (GS-2) • Source: The Hindu; Election Laws (Amendment), 2023; Law Commission Reports

Opposition parties have questioned the neutrality and autonomy of the Election Commission (EC), seeking reforms in the appointment panel and raising concerns about EC’s authority over electoral roll revisions.

Present Procedural & Other Issues

• Appointment (2023 law): PM + Leader of Opposition (Lok Sabha) + Union Cabinet Minister. Critics say this undermines the institutional independence envisaged under Article 324.
  
• Tenure Issues: Short, unpredictable tenures reduce continuity; Commissioners lack the same removal protection as the Chief Election Commissioner.
  
• Functional Concerns: Alleged executive influence, limited transparency, and weak oversight on political finance.

Reforms Needed

• Independent appointment panel including the Chief Justice of India (recommended by Supreme Court, Dinesh Goswami Committee, Law Commission 255th Report).
  
• Equal removal protection for all Election Commissioners.
  
• Legally backed autonomy in staffing, finances, and rule-making.
  
• Stronger norms on model code enforcement and political funding transparency.
  

About the EC 

• Constitutional body under Article 324.
  
• Mandate: superintendence, direction, and control of elections to Parliament, State Legislatures, and the Presidency/Vice-Presidency.
  
• Status: CEC and ECs enjoy equal power; decisions by majority.
  

Q. Which of the following would strengthen the independence of the Election Commission of India?

1. Ensuring equal removal safeguards for Election Commissioners and the Chief Election Commissioner.
   
2. Establishing a judicial–executive balanced appointment committee.
   
3. Providing the EC with independent financial and staffing powers.
   

Select the correct answer:
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 only
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. 1 and 3 only