Relevance for UPSC: GS Paper II (International Relations), GS Paper III (Security)
Source: The Hindu; United States Department of Defense report; media reports

Context

A recent report by the United States Department of Defense suggests that China is seeking to leverage reduced tensions along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) to stabilise ties with India and limit India’s growing strategic alignment with the United States.

Core Analysis

  • After partial disengagement at remaining friction points (2024), China has shown openness to diplomatic normalisation—talks on border management, travel, and people-to-people exchanges.
  • The report views de-escalation as a tactical pause, not a strategic retreat, aimed at reshaping India’s external partnerships.
  • India remains cautious, given unresolved boundary disputes and trust deficits.
  • China has rejected the report’s interpretation, terming border issues bilateral and criticising external commentary.

UPSC Value Box

  • Concept: Line of Actual Control – de facto boundary without mutually agreed alignment.
  • International Relations: Example of border diplomacy as a strategic tool.
  • Foreign Policy: Highlights India–China–United States strategic triangle.
  • Security: Shows how de-escalation does not equal dispute resolution.

Q. With reference to the Line of Actual Control, consider the following statements:

  1. It is a mutually agreed and demarcated international boundary between India and China.
  2. De-escalation along the Line of Actual Control can have broader diplomatic and strategic implications.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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