Relevance for UPSC: GS III (Environment, Environmental Governance); GS II (Institutions)
Source: The Hindu; National Mission for Clean Ganga

Context

The National Green Tribunal held that a temporary Tent City constructed on the Ganga riverbed in Varanasi violated environmental laws and river protection norms. The project lacked mandatory clearances and was established post-facto, undermining statutory safeguards for riverine ecosystems.

Key Findings

• Riverbeds and floodplains are ecologically sensitive zones where such constructions are impermissible.
• Violations of the River Ganga (Rejuvenation, Protection and Management) Authorities Order, 2016 were established.
• Environmental compensation was imposed, with directions for prompt recovery.
• The Tribunal reaffirmed that temporary or tourism-based projects are not exempt from environmental compliance.

Governance Significance

The case highlights weak enforcement, misuse of post-facto approvals, and the accountability role of specialised environmental institutions.

Q. The National Green Tribunal applies which of the following principles?

1. Sustainable development
2. Precautionary principle
3. Polluter pays principle

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (d)