Relevance: GS-III (Defence, Industrial Development, National Security) • Source: Ministry of Defence; The Hindu
Key Takeaways
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Context
India’s aspiration to become a developed nation by 2047 rests not only on economic growth but also on strategic autonomy. A strong defence industrial base is critical to reduce historical import dependence, ensure operational readiness, and shield national security from global supply-chain disruptions.
Why a Strong Defence Industrial Base Matters
1. National Security and Strategic Autonomy
Domestic defence manufacturing ensures timely availability, customisation, and sustainment of military platforms. Recent global conflicts have highlighted how export controls and geopolitical shocks can undermine defence preparedness in import-dependent countries.
2. Economic and Technological Benefits
Defence manufacturing is technology-intensive, generating:
- High-skilled employment
- Spillovers into aerospace, electronics, materials and artificial intelligence
- Strong linkages with micro, small and medium enterprises
India’s defence exports to 80+ countries indicate growing global credibility.
3. Geopolitical Leverage
A credible defence industry enhances India’s role as a net security provider, especially in the Indian Ocean Region, while Europe’s rising defence demand creates export opportunities.
Reforms Undertaken
- Greater private sector participation and liberalised foreign investment norms
- Corporatisation of the Ordnance Factory Board
- Procurement reforms under Make in India categories
- Promotion of defence innovation and start-ups
Key Challenges and Way Forward
Challenges | Way Forward |
| Complex regulations and slow approvals | Simplify procedures and ensure policy certainty |
| Limited access to finance, testing and certification | Create shared testing, certification and financing platforms |
| Fragmented roles of research, production and exports | Refocus public research agencies on frontier research; industry to lead production |
| Weak export facilitation mechanisms | Establish a dedicated defence export facilitation agency |
A strong defence industrial base is the backbone of India’s strategic autonomy, economic resilience and global influence.
| UPSC Value Box Why this issue matters (Governance / Economy / Security):
Analytical insight + Reform:
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Q. “Discuss the significance of a strong defence industrial base for India’s national security and economic development.”
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