Relevance: GS Paper II – Health; GS Paper III – Public Health & Vaccination Policy
Source: The Hindu, National Immunisation Programme updates

Context

Experts highlight the rising burden of Hepatitis A—a major cause of acute liver failure—arguing for its inclusion in India’s Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP). A safe, long-lasting indigenous vaccine exists, yet policy adoption has not progressed.

What is Hepatitis A?

Hepatitis A is an acute viral liver infection, spread mainly through contaminated water and food.

• Causes fever, jaundice, and liver inflammation
  
• No specific treatment; relies on supportive care
  
• Disease shifting from young children to adolescents & adults, where severity is higher
  

Why Hepatitis A Needs Vaccination 

India’s Universal Immunisation Programme

Way Ahead

• Begin state-wise introduction in areas with repeated outbreaks.
  
• Co-administer with existing UIP boosters (DPT/MR) to reduce cost.
  
• Conduct serosurveys to track immunity and guide phased rollout.
  
• Integrate Hepatitis A control with SDG 3 – Good Health & Well-Being.
  

UPSC Prelims Practice Question

With reference to Hepatitis A, consider the following statements:

1. It is transmitted mainly through contaminated food and water.
   
2. An indigenous vaccine for Hepatitis A exists in India.
   
3. Hepatitis A is currently part of India’s Universal Immunisation Programme.
   

Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

One-line Wrap:
Growing outbreaks, higher adult severity, and a ready indigenous vaccine make Hepatitis A a strong candidate for phased inclusion in India’s Universal Immunisation Programme.