Relevance for UPSC (GS Paper III – Internal Security)
Source: The Hindu
Andhra Pradesh’s elite OCTOPUS unit and state police arrested 51 Maoists across five districts, including members of the Hidma Dalam, a key armed wing of CPI (Maoist).
The arrests followed days of surveillance, and weapons, ammunition and explosive materials were recovered. Officials noted that Maoist groups are increasingly shifting hideouts from forests to urban locations.
Who Are Maoists?
Maoists represent Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) in India, led mainly by the Communist Party of India (Maoist) formed in 2004 through the merger of PWG and MCC. They follow Maoist ideology advocating protracted people’s war to overthrow the state, operating mainly in tribal-forest belts known as the Red Corridor.
The Fall of Maoism in India
Factor | Explanation |
| Security Operations | Joint ops, improved intelligence, and the SAMADHAN doctrine weakened Maoist capabilities. |
| Declining Cadre | Lower recruitment, key leaders lost, shrinking safe zones. |
| Development Gains | Roads, telecom, welfare delivery reduced Maoist hold in tribal areas. |
| Reduced Local Support | Communities shifting towards state benefits over extremism. |
| State Coordination | Stronger cooperation among affected states restricted Maoist movement. |
Persisiting Challenges & The Way Ahead
Challenges | Way Forward |
| Difficult terrain, local support networks | Strengthen SAMADHAN strategy; improve intelligence |
| Socio-economic deprivation | Faster implementation of FRA, PESA, Aspirational Districts Programme |
| Weak state presence | Expand roads, telecom, health outreach |
| Armed capability | Police modernisation, UAV surveillance, joint operations |
(Aligns with SDG 16 – Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions)
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