Relevance: GS-2 (Governance, Civil Services) Sources: Ministry of Personnel; 2nd ARC; The Hindu Explainer Context and the Issue In recent years, several State Public Service Commission examinations have faced paper leaks, abrupt postponements, cancellations and mass protests—as seen recently in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. These disruptions have created uncertainty for lakhs of aspirants and have…

Relevance: GS-3 (Environment, Climate Change) Sources: The Hindu, Indian Express, UNFCCC, Carbon Brief, IISD, UNEP Adaptation Gap Report, Reuters/AP, WRI, IMF Climate Finance Tracker The 30th Conference of Parties (COP30) to the UNFCCC concluded in Belém, Brazil—a symbolic location at the mouth of the Amazon, the world’s largest carbon sink. The talks unfolded amid rising…

Relevance: GS2 – Polity & Administration | Source: Indian Express Context A Constitution Amendment Bill was listed for the Winter Session proposing changes to Chandigarh’s governance under Article 240, triggering protests in Punjab. Following criticism, the Union Home Ministry clarified that no such Bill will be introduced now and that the proposal is still “under…

Relevance: GS1 (Geography), GS3 (Science & Tech, IR) | Source: Indian Express, Science Journal 1. Moss Spores Survive Nine Months in Space News: A study in Science found that over 80% of moss spores survived 283 days outside the International Space Station and reproduced after returning to Earth. Why it matters: Demonstrates extreme resilience of…

Relevance: GS3 – Agriculture, Supply Chains | Source: Indian Express Tamil Nadu’s record paddy harvest has led to a storage and procurement crisis due to inadequate drying, poor godown capacity, rigid moisture norms, and fragmented logistics — reflecting a broader national challenge in India’s agri-supply chain. India’s Fragmented Agri-Logistic Chain India loses 4–6% of cereals…

Relevance: GS-2 (Polity & Governance) | Source: Indian Express, Government Bulletins The Winter Session 2025 is expected to introduce 10 key Bills focused on higher education reform, civil nuclear expansion, governance changes in Union Territories, and sectoral streamlining. The session begins December 2. Major Bills  1. Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) Bill, 2025 Replaces…

Relevance: GS2 – International Relations; Global Governance (Summits) | Source: The Hindu, G20 Summit press release Leaders from the G20 countries concluded the Johannesburg Summit 2025, where the final Leaders’ Declaration emphasised renewable energy transition, global food security and debt relief but provided only vague references to major conflicts (e.g., Ukraine, Gaza) and terrorism, exposing…

Relevance: GS3 – Energy & Environment | Source: The Hindu Business Line, MNRE Context India targets 500 GW of non-fossil capacity by 2030; solar already crosses 82 GW, but land scarcity is slowing expansion. Floating solar emerges as a high-potential alternative, especially on reservoirs and dam backwaters. What are Solar and Floating Solar Plants? Solar…

Relevance: GS3 – Environment & Biodiversity | Source: Deccan Herald, Madras Courier, IUCN New ecological studies highlight the declining sightings of the Nilgiri Marten, India’s only marten species, raising concerns about habitat fragmentation across the Western Ghats, a global biodiversity hotspot. What is the Nilgiri Marten? A small carnivorous mammal (family Mustelidae), endemic to the…