Environmental experts and conservation groups have raised concerns about the proposed mega infrastructure and transshipment project in Great Nicobar Island, highlighting that the area overlaps with a “No-Go Coastal Zone” under environmental safeguards. The debate underscores the balance between strategic development and ecological preservation in the ecologically fragile Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

What is a No-Go Coastal Zone?

• A No-Go Coastal Zone refers to ecologically sensitive coastal stretches where developmental and industrial activities are restricted or prohibited under environmental laws.
• The term “No-Go Zone” was introduced in India in the context of environmental clearances for large-scale projects (especially mining, coal, and infrastructure projects).
• In the coastal context, it refers to coastal stretches that are so ecologically sensitive that any developmental activity (construction, industry, port expansion, etc.) is prohibited or severely restricted.
• These areas are notified under the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notifications issued under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
• Purpose: To conserve mangroves, coral reefs, turtle nesting sites, sand dunes, and indigenous habitats, which are crucial for ecological balance and climate resilience.

Examples of No-Go Zones in India

• Chilika Lake (Odisha): Dolphin and migratory bird habitat — industrial activities restricted.
• Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary (Odisha): Olive Ridley turtle nesting site.
• Great Nicobar’s Galathea Bay: Leatherback turtle nesting ground.
• Gulf of Mannar (Tamil Nadu): Coral reef ecosystems protected.
  

The Nicobar Mega Project

• India plans to build a ₹70,000 crore transshipment hub, airport, township, and defence-related infrastructure in Great Nicobar Island.
• While the project is strategically important — enhancing India’s presence in the Indian Ocean and countering China’s influence — it overlaps with areas classified as eco-sensitive coastal stretches.
• The project site includes turtle nesting beaches (Galathea Bay), mangroves, and tribal habitats of Shompens and Nicobarese, raising concerns over displacement and biodiversity loss.

Q. Consider the following statements regarding No-Go Coastal Zones in India:

1. They are areas identified under the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification where industrial and developmental activities are restricted or prohibited.
2. CRZ-I areas, including mangroves, coral reefs, and turtle nesting grounds, are considered No-Go zones.
3. No-Go zones were introduced in India only after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only