Relevance: GS-2 (International Relations—West Asia); GS-1 (World Geography—Political Boundaries) • Source: The Hindu; ceasefire framework documents

Story So Far

Under the current U.S.-mediated ceasefire plan, Israel is expected to withdraw from almost all of Gaza except a narrow security buffer. However, Israel’s military chief has referred to the existing demarcation—called the Yellow Line—as a possible new defensive border, signalling reluctance to fully withdraw.

Earlier Border vs. the Yellow Line

• Earlier expectation: A phased Israeli withdrawal enabling a demilitarised Gaza under international supervision, potentially reviving pathways to Palestinian self-rule.
  
• Yellow Line proposal: Retains Israeli control over more than half of Gaza, including agricultural zones and the Rafah crossing with Egypt—crucial for movement of goods and humanitarian relief.

Implications for Both Sides

• Palestinians: Territorial fragmentation, weakened economic viability, disrupted humanitarian corridors, and diminished prospects for a two-state solution.
  
• Israel: Perceived security advantage but risks diplomatic friction with the U.S., Arab states, and international guarantors, potentially undermining ceasefire credibility.
  

Q. With reference to Gaza and its geopolitical geography, consider the following:

1. The Rafah border crossing is Gaza’s primary land link with Egypt.
   
2. Ceasefire frameworks in Gaza have often included provisions for demilitarisation under international monitoring.
   
3. The Yellow Line refers to the long-standing international boundary between Israel and Gaza.
   

Select the correct answer:
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3